L.V. Ksanfomaliti (IKI)

Abstract:

Proofs  appear that the nature of extended dark formation on crater’s slopes and hills of Mars is connected with now existing sources of fluid water, disposed on declivities, and produced by its flows, rather then with moving the greater masses of dry sand (dust) or with rolling stones. Images got by the orbital spacecrafts "Mars Global Surveyor" and "Mars Odyssey", having a resolution limit of single meters, allow to select such objects. Presence of greater spares of permafrost on Mars and conditions for its local melting to fluid phase is well known. Though presence of fluid water on surfaces Mars is usually considered impossible because of low pressures and the temperature, there are enough lowlands, where pressure exceeds the value critical for existence of fluid water.

The structure of long narrow gullies on slopes with tributaries, formed, as it is suspected, by flows of water, has the unusual type, inverse type of Earth’ mountain rivers: they are broad in top of declivity, then narrowed, ending as the fine streams and disappear on bottom of valley or crater. The tributaries and the main riverbed seem to be directed on slope upwards. In article a simple explanation is given to this appearing paradox. The study of pictures of high resolution shows that in conditions of low temperature a transition of liquid water to ice should be considered in dynamics: thrown from a spring, water touches cool soil, is partly absorbed and freezes, forming icy bed, on which flow spreads further, where lasts its interaction with soil. The distance from source, on which water does not remain liquid, depends on initial temperature of flow and the temperature of soil. Appearing paradox is explained namely by interaction cooling off flow with cool soil. As for the branches, they are not tributaries, but deviation flows which quickly freeze.

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